Cloning via Restriction Digest

2 ug DNA
1 uL Each Restriction Enzyme
3 uL 10x Buffer
3 uL 10x BSA (if recommended)
x uL H₂O (to bring total volume to 30 uL)

Note: If you are using more than one restriction enzyme, depending on the buffers needed or your cloning strategy, you may need to digest with individual enzymes sequentially.

Tip: Some enzymes require special conditions for digestion, such as a different temperature. Check the manufacturer's instructions.

Note: If you are doing a blunt-end ligation, use T4 DNA Polymerase or Klenow DNA Polymerase I for 3' overhang removal and 5' overhang fill-in. Use mung bean nuclease for both 3' and 5' overhang removal. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Note: If you are using blunt ends or a single enzyme to cut the vector, you will need to use a phosphatase to prevent re-circularization of the vector. CIP (calf alkaline phosphatase) or SAP (shrimp alkaline phosphatase) are commonly used. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.

1. To make a 0.8% agarose gel, use 0.8 g agarose per 100 mL of 1x TAE. Cover the flask with plastic wrap to prevent boiling over, then microwave the solution for 1-2 minutes to dissolve the agarose.

   Tip: Increase the amount of agarose for better resolution of small bands. Decrease the amount of agarose for better resolution of large bands. You want to ensure sufficient separation between your band of interest and neighboring bands.

    

2. Let agarose solution cool for 5 minutes, then add ethidium bromide to a final concentration of 0.5 ug/mL.

   Tip: Run cold water over the outside of the flask for faster cooling.

   Safety tip: Ethidium bromide is a known mutagen. Wear a lab coat, eye protection, and gloves when working with this chemical.

   In our lab we use Cybr Safe. XXXX

    

3. Pour the agarose/ethidium bromide solution into a casting tray with the well comb in place. Allow 20 -30 minutes to completely solidify.

   Tip: Pour the gel in a 4^oC room for faster solidifying. Gels can also be poured in advance, and stored in plastic wrap at 4^oC.

1. Add 6 uL of 6x loading buffer to each of your samples.
2. Place the agarose gel into the gel box (electrophoresis unit) and fill with 1xTAE until the gel is covered.
3. Load a molecular weight marker into the first lane of the gel.
4. In the second lane, load undigested plasmid as a control.
5. Load your samples.
6. Cover the gel box and plug in the electrodes. Black is negative, red is positive. (The DNA is negatively charged and will run towards the positive electrode.)
7. Run the gel at 100V until the dye line is approximately 50-75% of the way down the gel.
8. Carefully remove the gel from the gel box.

1. Visualize the bands under UV light. Use long-wavelength UV to minimize damage to the DNA.

   Safety tip: When using UV light, protect your skin by wearing safety goggles or a face shield, gloves, and a lab coat.

    

2. Using a clean razor blade, cut the desired DNA fragment from the gel. Turn the gel slice on its side to trim off extra agarose. Place the gel in a microcentrifuge tube.

    

Tip: Run 1-2 uL of DNA on a gel to check the concentration of your insert and vector before proceeding.

Example:

a. Combine the following in a microfuge tube (10 uL total volume):

1 uL Vector DNA
3 uL Insert DNA
1 uL 10x Ligase Buffer
1 uL T4 DNA Ligase
4 uL H₂0 (to bring total volume to 10 uL)

Tip: Try different vector to insert ratios to optimize ligation reaction.

Tip: Do negative controls: vector only, insert only, no ligase.

b. Incubate at 16^oC for 2 hours, or at 4^oC overnight (follow the manufacturer's instructions).

Example:

1. Take competent cells out of -80^oC and thaw on ice.
2. Take agar plates out of 4^oC to warm up to room temperature.
3. Pipette 2 uL of the ligation and 30 uL of competent cells into each transformation tube.
4. Leave on ice for 20 minutes.
5. Heat shock each transformation tube at 42^oC for 45 seconds.
6. Leave on ice for 2 minutes.
7. Add 1 mL LB and grow in 37^oC shaker for 45 minutes.
8. Spin down cells at 3000 rpm, and remove all but 100 uL of LB. Resuspend cells in the remaining LB.
9. Spread onto an agar plate containing the appropriate antibiotic.
10. Incubate plates at 37^oC overnight.

Tip: If your plasmid has ampicillin resistance and you do not require high transformation efficiencies, save time by skipping the recovery steps (steps #7-8) and directly spreading the 32 uL transformation mixture onto the agar plate.